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National consultation meeting for creating a scientific advisory mechanism regarding policy decisions on the scope of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Brazilian government : final report-Brasil. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI); Brasil. Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA)2008Science strives to broaden our knowledge about the surrounding world, as well as to solve practical problems faced by society (Shrader-Frechette & McCoy 1993). However, the agent of these two actions is not always the same. The person making decisions is frequently in charge of solving problems and as such, in a scientific culture, is the main person responsible for translating science into decisions. The success of this relationship is readily measured through the fact that numerous common practices of the modern world result from science developments. Drori et al. (2003), for example, demonstrated science's success in problem- solving and its consequent globalization, a process now reaching a point where knowledge produced by a given country is almost imperceptibly absorbed by others. In general, this successful record seems to suggest that communication between scientists and decision-makers is problem-free, but this is hardly the case. For instance, while Brazil is placed among the 20 nations responsible for the greatest scientific impact in biodiversity- related subjects (e.g., Ecology and Environment, Botany and Zoology), the country still faces serious environmental problems related to deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions (Scarano 2007). Such problems also occur at the global level. To deal with them, the French government took the initiative to create an international advisory panel, the IMoSEB (International Mechanism of Scientific Expertise on Biodiversity), to establish a continuous consultation process among scientists and those in charge of making political decisions. With the creation of IMoSEB as a model, the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Science and Technology took the initiative of gathering representatives from academia to promote national discussions, with the purpose of strengthening the relationship among government, decision-makers, and the science sector, which are all responsible for producing information. This meeting had the purpose of creating a mechanism to obtain advice from the research sector for developing the Brazilian stand point related to policy decisions concerning biological diversity and, therefore, also to provide scientific advice to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The directives established by this Convention and the decisions arising from each Conference of the Parties have become indispensable tools for the development of public policies by the Brazilian government. The communication problems among scientific community and decision-makers are frequently attributed to three fundamental differences in the nature of the work developed by both agents concerning: (i) priorities (e.g., Franck 1999); (ii) the different time scale of actions developed by each agent (e.g., Briggs 2006); and (iii) the different languages used (e.g., Briggs 2006). In general, the results of this meeting are clearly associated to these three considerable differences among scientists and decision-makers.