Avaliação da toxicidade aguda e genotoxicidade de extrato de floração de Microcystis spp para peixes de água doce

Abstract

The concern with the effects of cyanobateria in the human ́s health raise in many countries. Cases of cyanobacteria bloom in reservoir and lakes turn out to be a problem for the water supply besides poisoning animals as human being becoming a source of issue for the public health. The cyanotoxins are a group of natural toxins form the toxicological and chemist point of view. They can be neurotoxin, hepatotoxin, citotoxin, irritating and gastrointestinal toxin. Microcystis aeruginosa is the most ordinary specie in fresh water bloom of harmful cyanobacteria. The objective of this project was the valuation of toxicity and the genotoxicity in fishes of the extract of a bloom of Microcystis spp containing microcystin. Two species were used, one of them is exotic (Oreochromis niloticus) and the other is native from Brazil (Astyanax bimaculatus). To determine the toxicity the method Trimed Spearman-Karber was used, and for the genotoxicity the micronucleus test, the comet assay and necrosis versus apoptosis test were applied using erythrocytes of peripheral blood from fishes. These were exposed by two ways (body exposure and via intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in different concentrations. One has checked that in O. niloticus. the LC50 (72 h) surpassed 103,725 μg/L and the LD50 (72h) surpassed 138 μg/100g of body weight. For A. bimaculatus the LC50 (72h) calculated was the 242,81 with confidence interval of 152,74 at 386,00 μg/L and the LD50 (72h) equal to 491,9 with confidence interval of 385,8 at 627,3 μg/100g of body weight. The largest average of the micronucleus observed in O. niloticus was given by the body exposition to the concentration of 103,725μg/L. In A. bimaculatus the largest average was in the concentration 368,8μg/100g of exposed weights via i.p., followed by the concentrated average 103,725μg/L and by the concentrated average 245,86μg/100g of weight via i.p. In the comet assay, for both O. niloticus and A. bimaculatus, the results show that in both ways of exposition and the highest concentrations, significant values were observed. In the necrosis versus apoptosis test one has observed a larger incidence of cells in necrosis with the highest dose and a higher incidence of apoptosis in the lowest dose in O. niloticus. And one has observed cells in necrosis and in apoptosis in the highest dose and cells in apoptosis with the lowest dose in A. bimaculatus. The extract of bloom has shown toxic action only for the A. bimaculatus. In higher concentrations the extract causing necrosis and in low doses the extract caused apoptosis.